{"id":16763,"date":"2026-05-25T23:37:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T21:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clinicafertia.com\/was-ist-das-und-wie-die-fruehen-stadien-der-schwangerschaft-davon-beeinflusst-werde\/"},"modified":"2026-07-27T18:27:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T16:27:46","slug":"microbiota-cose-e-come-influenza-le-prime-fasi-della-gestazione","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clinicafertia.com\/it\/blog\/microbiota-cose-e-come-influenza-le-prime-fasi-della-gestazione","title":{"rendered":"Microbiota: cos’\u00e8 e come influenza le prime fasi della gestazione"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” next_background_color=”#ffffff” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#fec174″ custom_padding=”||||false|false” bottom_divider_style=”triangle” bottom_divider_height=”35px” bottom_divider_flip=”vertical” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title meta=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#ffffff” title_font_size=”2.5em” custom_padding=”||70px||false|false” title_font_size_tablet=”2.5em” title_font_size_phone=”2em” title_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_enable_color=”off” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” ul_line_height=”1.9em” header_font=”Yeseva One||||||||” header_font_size=”45px” header_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font=”Yeseva One||||||||” header_2_font_size=”45px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”||||||||” header_3_font_size=”2.5em” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_4_text_color=”#fec174″ header_4_font_size=”30px” header_4_line_height=”1.4em” header_5_font=”Yeseva One||||||||” header_5_font_size=”45px” header_5_line_height=”1.4em” header_6_font=”Yeseva One||||||||” header_6_font_size=”45px” header_6_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ header_3_font_size_tablet=”2em” header_3_font_size_phone=”2em” header_3_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Sebbene la popolazione batterica che vive all’interno del nostro intestino sia pi\u00f9 o meno stabile quando arriviamo alla vita adulta, nel caso delle donne pu\u00f2 essere influenzata dai cambiamenti ormonali, cio\u00e8 pu\u00f2 cambiare con la gravidanza, le mestruazioni o la menopausa. Nell’articolo di oggi ti parleremo del microbiota e di come influisce sulle prime fasi di gestazione.<\/span><\/p>\n

Che cos’\u00e8 il microbiota?<\/h3>\n

Conosciamo come microbiota l’insieme di batteri benefici del nostro organismo. Hanno diverse funzioni: protezione dagli agenti patogeni, sviluppo e maturazione del nostro sistema immunitario, digestione dei nutrienti, produzione di vitamine… Abbiamo 10 volte pi\u00f9 batteri che cellule umane. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cosa conosciamo come microbioma?<\/h3>\n

Il microbioma \u00e8 l’insieme di geni contenuti in tutti i microrganismi che formano i diversi microbioti dell’organismo umano e che si riferiscono al genoma stesso.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un microbioma adeguato a livello del tratto riproduttivo \u00e8 associato a buoni risultati riproduttivi e ostetrici. Il nostro tratto riproduttivo \u00e8 dominato da lactobacilli. I lattobacilli producono peptidi antimicrobici, citochine antinfiammatorie, acido lattico che favoriscono un’omeostasi microbica ottimale. In condizioni di disbiosi si verifica un minor numero di lattobacilli e altri batteri compaiono in misura maggiore o minore dando luogo a patologia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Fattori esogeni endogeni possono influenzare il microbiota del tratto genitale: <\/span><\/p>\n

-Stato ormonale<\/span><\/p>\n

-Razza<\/span><\/p>\n

-Uso di antibiotici<\/span><\/p>\n

-Abitudini sessuali<\/span><\/p>\n

-Dieta <\/span><\/p>\n

-Obesit\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Tabacco<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Stiamo parlando di vaginosisi batterica…<\/h3>\n

Se diminuisce il numero di lattobacilli in vagina e aumenta il numero di batteri anaerobici. Le donne infertili presentano una prevalenza di vaginosi batterica del 39%. Il tasso di gestazione dopo fecondazione in vitro \u00e8 anche inferiore in presenza di vaginosi, \u00e8 stata associata anche una maggiore prevalenza di parto prematuro e rottura prematura delle membrane.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

A livello endometriale un microbiota con predominanza di lactobacilli \u00e8 associato a migliori tassi di impianto e minor tasso di aborto. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Relazione tra microbiota e aborto<\/h3>\n

Studi recenti hanno osservato che le donne che presentano perdite gestazionali nel primo trimestre non legate a anomalie cromosomiche, presentano pi\u00f9 spesso un microbioma vaginale povero in lattobacilli e che il rischio di aborto \u00e8 maggiore nei casi con maggiore prevalenza di streptococchi. Sia la presenza di streptococchi che di prevotella, nelle donne con aborto euploide, sono associati ad un aumento della produzione di citochine proinfiammatorie IL6, IL-1beta, IL-18 e TNFalfa. Al contrario, la predominanza di lattobacilli, in particolare Lactobacilos Crispatus, \u00e8 associata ad una maggiore stabilit\u00e0 batterica nella vagina e ad una minore attivazione della risposta immunitaria locale durante la gravidanza. Da ci\u00f2 sembra che l’interrelazione tra il microbiota vaginale e la risposta immunitaria locale nella gestazione precoce determinano l’ampiezza della risposta infiammatoria e sono collegati al rischio di aborto. <\/span><\/p>\n

Non sappiamo se questa risposta proinfiammatoria mediata dalla presenza di una minore proporzione di lattobacilli e un’elevata diversit\u00e0 di altre specie batteriche, potrebbe essere oggetto di un intervento e potrebbe beneficiare dell’uso di antibiotici o probiotici che potrebbero ridurre il rischio di aborto o di fallimento d\u00b4impianto. <\/span><\/p>\n

Relazione tra microbiota intestinale e fertilit\u00e0<\/h3>\n

Non solo il microbiota del tratto genitale \u00e8 importante al momento dell’impianto e le prime fasi della gestazione, si \u00e8 visto che il microbiota intestinale svolge anche un ruolo importante come modulatore di risposta immunitaria e che la disbiosi intestinale \u00e8 coinvolta come fattore di rischio per innescare l’infiammazione. La disbiosi intestinale altera l’integrit\u00e0 della barriera intestinale, consentendo l’ingresso di vari antigeni, endotossine e patogeni, nonch\u00e9 una produzione alterata di neurotrasmettitori e metaboliti come acidi grassi a catena corta che portano a infiammazione. D’altra parte, vi \u00e8 una chiara relazione tra il microbiota del tratto gastrointestinale e microbiota uterina e ecosistema vaginale. La disbiosi intestinale esercita un’importante influenza sulla disbiosi vaginale ed endometriale ed \u00e8 coinvolta nella risposta immunitaria promuovendo uno stato pro-infiammatorio, il tutto con un importante impatto sulla fertilit\u00e0 e sulle prime fasi della gestazione. <\/span><\/p>\n

Una migliore conoscenza dell’impatto della flora intestinale a livello riproduttivo apre le porte a nuove strategie nella prevenzione e nel trattamento dell’infertilit\u00e0 e di altre malattie associate come modifiche nella dieta, uso di probiotici o integrazione con prebiotici.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

E fin qui l’articolo di oggi. Dalla Clinica Fertia aiutiamo tutte le coppie e le donne che sognano di essere mamma. Se anche tu ti sei sottoposto a vari trattamenti di riproduzione assistita e non hai avuto successo, contattaci per studiare e analizzare il tuo caso in modo personalizzato. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Scritto da:<\/p>\n

Dott.ssa Elena Puente<\/a><\/h3>\n
\n

Direttore della Cl\u00ednica Fertia<\/h4>\n

Email:\u00a0<\/span>elenapuente@clinicafertia.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bibliograf\u00eda<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Gaggiotti-Marr\u00e9 S, Alvarez M, Gonzalez-Foruria I, Parriego M, Garcia s, Mart\u00ednez F, et al.Low progesterone levels on teh day before natural embryo transfer are negatively associated with live birth rates.Hum Reprod.2020;35:1623-1629.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Labarta E, Mariani G, Rodriguez-Varela c, Bosch E. Individualized luteal phase support normalizes live birth rate in women with low progesterone levels on the day of embryo transfer in artificial endometrial preparation cycles.Fertil steril.2021;117.96-102.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Thompsen LH, Kesmodel US, Erb K, Bungum L, Pedersen, D, et al. The impact of luteal serum progesterone levels on live birth rates-a prospective study of 602 IVF\/ICSI cycles. Hum reprod.2018;33:1506-1516.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Tu J, Lin G, Gong F. Additional luteal support may improve IVf outcomes in patients with low progesterone level in middle luteal phase following a GnRH agonist protocol. doi.org\/10.1080\/09513590.2020.1756252. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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