Obesity is a public health problem affecting an ever-growing percentage of the population. In Spain, it’s estimated that 17% of the population has obesity, meaning a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2.
Obesity has a negative impact on a woman’s fertility. Time to pregnancy increases in proportion to BMI. Obesity can cause ovulation disorders, in some cases leading to anovulation, as well as alterations at the level of the egg, the embryo and endometrial receptivity.
How obesity affects fertility
Obesity can affect a woman’s fertility in the following ways:
- Ovulation disorders: obesity can lead to increased oestrogen production and decreased progesterone production, which can cause ovulation disorders.
- Egg-level alterations: obesity can cause alterations in egg quality, which can reduce the chances of fertilisation and embryo implantation.
- Embryo-level alterations: obesity can cause alterations in embryo development, which can increase the risk of miscarriage or congenital malformations.
- Endometrium-level alterations: obesity can cause alterations in endometrial receptivity, which can make embryo implantation more difficult.
How obesity affects pregnancy
Obesity can also affect pregnancy in the following ways:
- Complications during pregnancy: obesity can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and caesarean section.
- Complications in the newborn: children of obese mothers more frequently show health alterations, such as hypertension, lipid alterations, insulin resistance, and a higher prevalence of central fat distribution.
Recommendations for women with obesity seeking pregnancy
The first recommendation for women with obesity seeking pregnancy is to lose weight. Weight loss, even in a small amount, can improve fertility and pregnancy health.
In addition to weight loss, women with obesity seeking pregnancy should follow these recommendations:
- Medical follow-up: it’s important for women with obesity seeking pregnancy to be monitored by a specialised medical team.
- Healthy lifestyle habits: women with obesity should follow healthy lifestyle habits, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise.
At Clínica Fertia we have more than 20 years of experience in complex cases of assisted reproduction. If you need help, our medical team can help you achieve the dream of your life. Contact us!
